DermNet provides Google Translate, a free machine translation service. Note that this may not provide an exact translation in all languages
Home » Topics A–Z » Eosinophilic fasciitis
Author: Vanessa Ngan, Staff Writer, 2003.
Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare scleroderma-like disorder characterised by inflammation, swelling and thickening of the skin and fascia (fibrous tissue that separates different layers of tissues under the skin). It affects the forearms, the upper arms, the lower legs, the thighs, and the trunk (in order of decreasing frequency). The disease is considered by some to be a deep variant of the skin condition, morphoea, and is also known as pansclerotic morphoea with deep fascial involvement.
The cause of eosinophilic fasciitis is unknown but it may have something to do with abnormal immune responses as hypergammaglobulinaemia and antinuclear antibodies are present. In addition, toxic, environmental, or drug exposures have been implicated.
It affects females and males, children and adults, with most cases occurring between the ages of 30 and 60 years.
Patients usually present suddenly with painful, tender, swollen and red extremities. Within weeks to months patients develop stiffness and affected skin becomes indurated, creating a characteristic orange-peel appearance over the surfaces of the extremities. In severely affected areas, the skin and the subcutaneous tissue are bound tightly to the underlying muscle. This creates a woody-type appearance.
In 50% of cases, the disease is precipitated by an episode of strenuous physical exercise or activity. Other signs and symptoms that may be present include:
Laboratory studies in early active disease show eosinophilia, elevated ESR and polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G. However, a full-thickness skin biopsy that includes the dermis, subcutaneous fat and fascia is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis, which has specific pathological features.
Treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis is directed at preventing tissue inflammation. Oral corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, with most patients responding well to moderate-to-high doses of corticosteroids particularly if started early in the course of the disease. Continued low doses may be required for 2-5 years. In some cases, the disease may resolve spontaneously.
Other drugs that may be used in conjunction with corticosteroids include:
A physiotherapist is also important in the overall management of eosinophilic fasciitis to prevent and treat joint contractures.
See smartphone apps to check your skin.
[Sponsored content]
See the DermNet NZ bookstore.
© 2021 DermNet New Zealand Trust.
DermNet NZ does not provide an online consultation service. If you have any concerns with your skin or its treatment, see a dermatologist for advice.